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Spongiforma squarepantsii
''Spongiforma squarepantsii'' is a species of fungus in the Boletaceae family, genus ''Spongiforma''. Found in Malaysia, it was described as new to science in 2011. It produces sponge-like, rubbery orange fruit bodies that have a fruity or musky odour. The fruit bodies reach dimensions of wide by tall. Like a sponge, they will resume their original shape if water is squeezed out. The spores, produced on the surfaces of the hollows of the sponge, are almond-shaped with rough surfaces, and measure 10–12.5 by 6–7 micrometers. The name of the fungus is derived from the cartoon character SpongeBob SquarePants. ''S. squarepantsii'' is one of two species in ''Spongiforma''; it differs from ''S. thailandica'' in its colour, odour, and spore structure.
==Taxonomy and classification==
The species was first described scientifically online in May 2011 in the journal ''Mycologia'', authored by American mycologists Dennis E. Desjardin, Kabir Peay, and Thomas Bruns. The description was based on two specimens collected by Bruns in 2010 in Lambir Hills National Park, in Sarawak, Malaysia. The species had first appeared in the literature in 2010 in a study of the ectomycorrhizal mushrooms in a tropical dipterocarp rainforest in Lambir Hills, although it was not formally described in this publication.〔 Because of its unusual form, Desjardin and colleagues were initially uncertain whether the new species was a member of the Basidiomycota or the Ascomycota. Further analysis showed that the species was aligned with ''Spongiforma'', a genus that was newly described from dipterocarp forests of Thailand in 2009.〔 The similarity between the species collected in Borneo and ''Spongiforma thailandica'' was confirmed with molecular analysis, which showed a 98% match between ribosomal DNA sequences of the two.〔
The genus name ''Spongiforma'' refers to the sponge-like nature of the fruit body, while the specific epithet ''squarepantsii'' is a Latinisation of the well-known cartoon character SpongeBob SquarePants, whose shape shares a resemblance to the fungus. Additionally, the authors note that the spore-bearing surface (the hymenium), when viewed with scanning electron microscopy, somewhat resembles a "seafloor covered with tube sponges, reminiscent of the fictitious home of SpongeBob".〔 Although the epithet was originally rejected by the editors of ''Mycologia'' as "frivolous", Desjardin and colleagues insisted that "we could name it whatever we liked".〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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